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Vlpyv deliaceho bodu na klasifikáciu bankrotných firiem pomocou logitového modelu
Dolnáková, Paulína
Dolnáková, P. Impact of the threshold on the classification of bankruptcy companies using the logit model. Master thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2021. The thesis is dedicated to creating and optimization of a predictive bankruptcy logit model. The model is based on 3 840 companies from Central Europe, among which 47 went bankrupt in 2017. To compare the quality of classification, the individual models are created both on the whole data set, but also using the division of data into training and validation subsets. We used the proportion 60/40 in which 60% of companies form a training subset and the remaining 40% of companies form a validation subset. Also, a 70/30 proportion was used. In the case of dividing the whole data set into training and validation subsets, a one thousand simulations were created. Using these strategies, separate models are created for individual monitored years, based on data from one to three years before the moment of possible bankruptcy. The quality of the classification of created models is assessed by total accuracy, sensitivity, and the AUC criterion. The influence of the threshold value on the quality of the classification is clearly presented on the individual models.
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The effect of the development of supply parameters on the selling price of houses
Jandásková, Tereza ; Schneiderová Heralová, Renáta (referee) ; Sedláček, Jan (referee) ; Cupal, Martin (advisor)
The dissertation thesis deals with the development of supply parameters, specifically, time on market ("TOM") and the share of the initial asking and selling price IP. In the research carried out as part of this thesis, the asking prices are monitored for the duration of their time on the market until the realization of the transaction as indicators of the market efficiency. As part of the microeconomic research, a database of houses in the district of Brno – venkov is created with 631 completed transactions, where the asking price, selling price, time on market including individual changes in the asking price during the time on market and other relevant characteristics of the individual houses is being tracked. A total of 39 variables were monitored. The primary output of the thesis is the creation of a functional statistical model applicable in microeconomic Czech conditions together with the proposed process model. Another output of the dissertation thesis is the influence of the technical condition on the selling price of houses including defining all significant price-setting factors on the selling price. Statistical tests confirmed the significant influence of the technical condition variables on the selling price. In addition to the recommended values for use in determining the market value price, the work also contains parametric equations for both investigated variables. The first variable examined in more detail was IP, which was examined based on the binary variable "price change" by a logit model. The results point to a primary effect of the time on the market, which, however, is not uniform. The second research variable was TOM, which was examined using a 2SLS model due to its endogenous relationship to selling price. The practical application of the dissertation thesis is in increasing the efficiency and accuracy in estimating the market value of real estate based on the comparative valuation method (SCA - Sales Comparison Approach) in the investigated market segment and selected location. As well as increasing their reviewability and transparency, valuation reports, estimates and expert opinions.
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Blockchain-based DeFi lending: A challenge to traditional finance?
Knížek, Ondřej ; Pečená, Magda (advisor) ; Hronec, Martin (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors that determine the default rate of the loans, with a particular focus on the pioneering research of blockchain-based decentralised loans. The thesis describes blockchain technology, its development, and functions, introduces decentralised finance (DeFi), and examines its advantages and challenges. The thesis's analytic part compares DeFi loans and peer-to-peer loans as an alternative to the traditional financial system. The blockchain-based DeFi loans realized through lending Compound are analysed by a logit model that predicts liquidation rate and examines if it is possible to perform the prediction without any information about the borrower due to the complete anonymity in DeFi lending. To illustrate the difference, the data from the Czech peer-to-peer lending platform Zonky was used to set up two logit models. While the first model uses all available variables, the second model is based only on loan-related variables to achieve a more precise comparison to DeFi loans. Results revealed several statistically significant determinants of default rate in the case of all three models. While the results of the Compound model cannot be compared with the existing literature, the default rate determinants in the case of peer-to-peer loans confirm the...
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Environmental quality related to economic growth: meta-analysis of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis
Petříková, Viktorie
This diploma thesis examines scientific articles to determine if there is an agree-ment in literature on the topic of relationship between economic growth and en-vironment. This investigation uses meta-analysis to explore the systematic varia-tion across environmental Kuznets curve studies to better understand the specific factors that affect this relationship. Binomial and multinomial logit models are performed. Final results stimulate an ongoing discussion of not discovering any unity in this area.
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Education and crime - the economic view
Šipkovská, Silvie ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Adam, Tomáš (referee)
In her thesis, the author addresses the relationship between education and selected types of crime (economic, property and violent crime) in the context of the national economy. The aim of the thesis is to show that the relationship between crime and education is much more complex than it may appear on the basis of current findings and observations and that, besides education, the criminal career of an offender is also significantly influenced by his/her family background and, therefore, it is appropriate to include this factor into the analysis. The analytical section of the thesis is divided into two separate parts. The first part, which deals with the phenomenon of crime in general, describes the dependency of individual crime types, education and family background by means of tables and diagrams showing percentages of individual variables and using contingency tables and correlation tables. The analysis confirms that there is a significant relationship between crime and the combination of education and family background. This hypothesis, however, manifests itself only in respect of certain types of family background, namely the backgrounds described as "working class" and "intelligentsia". The second part is devoted to recidivism as a particularly negative phenomenon -58% of offenders in the analysed...
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What Socioeconomic Factors Explain Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence?
Makarevich, Veranika ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
The study aims to identify the influence of socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes for individuals aged 27 and older in the Republic of Belarus. We analyze data from the Diabetes Survey conducted by the Endocrinology Medical Center in Minsk and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus from 2011 to 2015. The association between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is examined using logistic regression with sequential adjustments for clinical and behavioral predictors. Our findings indicate that individuals with lower income and educational levels are more likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes than those in higher income and education groups. Moreover, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes decreases as income and educational level go up. Furthermore, this association remains significant even after further adjusting for various behavioral and clinical factors. In addition, we confirm that type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among overweight / obese, physically inactive and older individuals. These findings suggest that strategies for preventive diabetes programs should be focused on socioeconomic environment rather than on individual risky behavior only.
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The Role of Subsidies in the Management of Companies Engaged in Fishing
Bártová, Blanka ; Bína, Vladislav (advisor) ; Krejčová, Iva (referee)
The theme of thesis concerns SUBSIDIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES ENGAGED IN FISHING. According to the list of references a definition of the term subsidy is described and types of subsidies and their importance to the organization's budget is shown. Furthermore, this part of the work deals with organizations and European Union funds that deal with European fishing and their funding. And there is also a focus on policy of subsidies in the fisheries of the Czech Republic. The main purpose of the practical part, however, is statistical analysis and model of aspects playing the biggest role in the allocation of subsidies.
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Rational inattention to discrete choices: a new foundation for the multinomial logit model
Matějka, Filip ; McKay, A.
Often, individuals must choose among discrete alternatives with imperfect information about their values, such as selecting a job candidate, a vehicle or a university. Before choosing, they may have an opportunity to study the options, but doing so is costly. This costly information acquisition creates new choices such as the number of and types of questions to ask the job candidates. We model these situations using the tools of the rational inattention approach to information frictions (Sims, 2003).
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